![]() ![]() This has a relative standard uncertainty of 1.5 ×10 −10. The arrowed horizontal line represents the electron, the wavy lines are virtual photons, and the circles are virtual electron– positron pairs. In terms of other fundamental physical constants, α may be defined as: Įighth- order Feynman diagrams on electron self-interaction. A theoretical derivation based on Jordan's algebraic formulation of quantum mechanics has been proposed. There is no known way to calculate the value of the fine-structure constant, but there are a number of ways to measure its value. α quantified the gap in the fine structure of the spectral lines of the hydrogen atom, which had been measured precisely by Michelson and Morley in 1887. The constant was named by Arnold Sommerfeld, who introduced it in 1916 when extending the Bohr model of the atom. It is a dimensionless quantity, independent of the system of units used, which is related to the strength of the coupling of an elementary charge e with the electromagnetic field, by the formula 4 πε 0 ħcα = e 2. In physics, the fine-structure constant, also known as the Sommerfeld constant, commonly denoted by α (the Greek letter alpha), is a fundamental physical constant which quantifies the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between elementary charged particles.
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